PAST PRESIDENTS OF SUDAN TILL DATE

PAST PRESIDENTS OF SUDAN TILL DATE

INTRODUCTION

This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country’s independence in 1956.The office of Prime Minister was abolished after the 1989 coup d’état, and reestablished in 2017 when Bakri Hassan Saleh was appointed Prime Minister by President Omar al-Bashir.

HISTORY OF THE OFFICE

Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as head of state of Sudan, currently under the title President of the Republic of the Sudan. Prior to independence, Sudan was governed as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom, under the name Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. As such, executive power was vested in a diarchy consisting of both countries’ heads of state – at the time of independence, the Queen of the United Kingdom (Elizabeth II) and the Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council (headed by Gamal Abdel Nasser). Immediately following independence, the role of head of state was filled by a five-member Sovereignty Council, with rival nationalist factions unable to agree on a single candidate. In November 1958, General Ibrahim Abboud led a military coup d’état, assuming the role of head of state as Chairman of the Supreme Council. Assuming the title of president in 1964, he resigned later that year due to general discontent around the rule of the military regime. Abboud was succeeded by a senior civil servant, Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, who served as acting president for 18 days before transferring executive authority to a Committee of Sovereignty.

Read: REGIONS OF SUDAN

The Transitional Military Council was replaced with the Transitional Sovereignty Council on 20 August 2019, under the chairmanship of al-Burhan. The Sovereignty Council, an 11-member civilian-military collective head of state, is designed to lead the country for 39 months in the transition to democracy, which is supposed to end with the next general election. The Transitional Sovereignty Council was dissolved by al-Burhan on 25 October 2021, following a coup d’état. Al-Burhan reinstated it on 11 November 2021, with some members replaced.

Abdalla Hamdok was appointed as Prime Minister by the Transitional Sovereignty Council on 21 August 2019, as part of the country’s transition to democracy. On 25 October 2021, Hamdok was deposed and placed under house arrest, following a coup d’état. On 21 November 2021, Hamdok was reinstated as prime minister as part of an agreement with the military. On 2 January 2022, Hamdok resigned as prime minister.

 TITLES OF HEADS OF STATE

• 1956–1958: Sovereignty Council
• 1958–1964: Chairman of the Supreme Council
• 1964: President
• 1964–1965: Committees of Sovereignty
• 1965–1969: Chairman of the Sovereignty Council
• 1969–1971: Chairman of the National Revolutionary Command Council
• 1971–1985: President
• 1985: Commander-in-Chief
• 1985–1986: Chairman of the Transitional Military Council
• 1986–1989: Chairman of the Supreme Council
• 1989–1993: Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
• 1993–2019: President
• 2019: Chairman of the Transitional Military Council
• 2019–2021: Transitional Sovereignty Council
• 2021: Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces[7]
• 2021–present: Transitional Sovereignty Council

HEADS OF STATE OF SUDAN (1956–PRESENT)